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Cuvier's beaked whale
Cuvier's beaked whale or the goose-beaked whale (''Ziphius cavirostris''), the only member of the genus ''Ziphius'', is the most widely distributed of all the beaked whales. Though it is pelagic, prefers water deeper than and avoids ships, it is still one of the most frequently spotted beaked whales.
The species name comes from Greek ', "sword", and Latin ''ラテン語:cavus'', "hollow" and ''ラテン語:rostrum'', "beak", referring to the indentation on the head in front of the blowhole.
==History of discovery==
The French anatomist Georges Cuvier, in his treatise ''Sur les Ossemens fossiles'' (1823), first described the species based on an imperfect skull from the Mediterranean coast of France. It had been obtained by M. Raymond Gorsse in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, near Fos, in 1804 from a peasant who had found it on the seashore the previous year. Cuvier named it ''Ziphius cavirostris'', the specific name being derived from the Latin ''cavus'' for "hollow" or "concave", in reference to the deep hollow (the prenarial basin) in the skull, a diagnostic trait of the species. Cuvier believed it to represent the remains of an extinct species. It was not until 1850 that zoologists realized the extant nature of the species, when Paul Gervais compared the type specimen to another that had stranded itself at Aresquiès, Hérault, in May of the same year, and found the two to be identical.
It is thought that Cuvier's beaked whales were the inspiration for the Ziphius, or Water-Owl, a creature in medieval folklore which had the characteristics of both an owl and a fish. Its dorsal fin was said to be sword-shaped, and pierced ship's hulls, while the beak was said to resemble an owl's head.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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